Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, ISSN - 0973 - 709X

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Dr Mohan Z Mani

"Thank you very much for having published my article in record time.I would like to compliment you and your entire staff for your promptness, courtesy, and willingness to be customer friendly, which is quite unusual.I was given your reference by a colleague in pathology,and was able to directly phone your editorial office for clarifications.I would particularly like to thank the publication managers and the Assistant Editor who were following up my article. I would also like to thank you for adjusting the money I paid initially into payment for my modified article,and refunding the balance.
I wish all success to your journal and look forward to sending you any suitable similar article in future"



Dr Mohan Z Mani,
Professor & Head,
Department of Dematolgy,
Believers Church Medical College,
Thiruvalla, Kerala
On Sep 2018




Prof. Somashekhar Nimbalkar

"Over the last few years, we have published our research regularly in Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. Having published in more than 20 high impact journals over the last five years including several high impact ones and reviewing articles for even more journals across my fields of interest, we value our published work in JCDR for their high standards in publishing scientific articles. The ease of submission, the rapid reviews in under a month, the high quality of their reviewers and keen attention to the final process of proofs and publication, ensure that there are no mistakes in the final article. We have been asked clarifications on several occasions and have been happy to provide them and it exemplifies the commitment to quality of the team at JCDR."



Prof. Somashekhar Nimbalkar
Head, Department of Pediatrics, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad
Chairman, Research Group, Charutar Arogya Mandal, Karamsad
National Joint Coordinator - Advanced IAP NNF NRP Program
Ex-Member, Governing Body, National Neonatology Forum, New Delhi
Ex-President - National Neonatology Forum Gujarat State Chapter
Department of Pediatrics, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat.
On Sep 2018




Dr. Kalyani R

"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research is at present a well-known Indian originated scientific journal which started with a humble beginning. I have been associated with this journal since many years. I appreciate the Editor, Dr. Hemant Jain, for his constant effort in bringing up this journal to the present status right from the scratch. The journal is multidisciplinary. It encourages in publishing the scientific articles from postgraduates and also the beginners who start their career. At the same time the journal also caters for the high quality articles from specialty and super-specialty researchers. Hence it provides a platform for the scientist and researchers to publish. The other aspect of it is, the readers get the information regarding the most recent developments in science which can be used for teaching, research, treating patients and to some extent take preventive measures against certain diseases. The journal is contributing immensely to the society at national and international level."



Dr Kalyani R
Professor and Head
Department of Pathology
Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College
Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research , Kolar, Karnataka
On Sep 2018




Dr. Saumya Navit

"As a peer-reviewed journal, the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research provides an opportunity to researchers, scientists and budding professionals to explore the developments in the field of medicine and dentistry and their varied specialities, thus extending our view on biological diversities of living species in relation to medicine.
‘Knowledge is treasure of a wise man.’ The free access of this journal provides an immense scope of learning for the both the old and the young in field of medicine and dentistry as well. The multidisciplinary nature of the journal makes it a better platform to absorb all that is being researched and developed. The publication process is systematic and professional. Online submission, publication and peer reviewing makes it a user-friendly journal.
As an experienced dentist and an academician, I proudly recommend this journal to the dental fraternity as a good quality open access platform for rapid communication of their cutting-edge research progress and discovery.
I wish JCDR a great success and I hope that journal will soar higher with the passing time."



Dr Saumya Navit
Professor and Head
Department of Pediatric Dentistry
Saraswati Dental College
Lucknow
On Sep 2018




Dr. Arunava Biswas

"My sincere attachment with JCDR as an author as well as reviewer is a learning experience . Their systematic approach in publication of article in various categories is really praiseworthy.
Their prompt and timely response to review's query and the manner in which they have set the reviewing process helps in extracting the best possible scientific writings for publication.
It's a honour and pride to be a part of the JCDR team. My very best wishes to JCDR and hope it will sparkle up above the sky as a high indexed journal in near future."



Dr. Arunava Biswas
MD, DM (Clinical Pharmacology)
Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmacology
Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital , Kolkata




Dr. C.S. Ramesh Babu
" Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR) is a multi-specialty medical and dental journal publishing high quality research articles in almost all branches of medicine. The quality of printing of figures and tables is excellent and comparable to any International journal. An added advantage is nominal publication charges and monthly issue of the journal and more chances of an article being accepted for publication. Moreover being a multi-specialty journal an article concerning a particular specialty has a wider reach of readers of other related specialties also. As an author and reviewer for several years I find this Journal most suitable and highly recommend this Journal."
Best regards,
C.S. Ramesh Babu,
Associate Professor of Anatomy,
Muzaffarnagar Medical College,
Muzaffarnagar.
On Aug 2018




Dr. Arundhathi. S
"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR) is a reputed peer reviewed journal and is constantly involved in publishing high quality research articles related to medicine. Its been a great pleasure to be associated with this esteemed journal as a reviewer and as an author for a couple of years. The editorial board consists of many dedicated and reputed experts as its members and they are doing an appreciable work in guiding budding researchers. JCDR is doing a commendable job in scientific research by promoting excellent quality research & review articles and case reports & series. The reviewers provide appropriate suggestions that improve the quality of articles. I strongly recommend my fraternity to encourage JCDR by contributing their valuable research work in this widely accepted, user friendly journal. I hope my collaboration with JCDR will continue for a long time".



Dr. Arundhathi. S
MBBS, MD (Pathology),
Sanjay Gandhi institute of trauma and orthopedics,
Bengaluru.
On Aug 2018




Dr. Mamta Gupta,
"It gives me great pleasure to be associated with JCDR, since last 2-3 years. Since then I have authored, co-authored and reviewed about 25 articles in JCDR. I thank JCDR for giving me an opportunity to improve my own skills as an author and a reviewer.
It 's a multispecialty journal, publishing high quality articles. It gives a platform to the authors to publish their research work which can be available for everyone across the globe to read. The best thing about JCDR is that the full articles of all medical specialties are available as pdf/html for reading free of cost or without institutional subscription, which is not there for other journals. For those who have problem in writing manuscript or do statistical work, JCDR comes for their rescue.
The journal has a monthly publication and the articles are published quite fast. In time compared to other journals. The on-line first publication is also a great advantage and facility to review one's own articles before going to print. The response to any query and permission if required, is quite fast; this is quite commendable. I have a very good experience about seeking quick permission for quoting a photograph (Fig.) from a JCDR article for my chapter authored in an E book. I never thought it would be so easy. No hassles.
Reviewing articles is no less a pain staking process and requires in depth perception, knowledge about the topic for review. It requires time and concentration, yet I enjoy doing it. The JCDR website especially for the reviewers is quite user friendly. My suggestions for improving the journal is, more strict review process, so that only high quality articles are published. I find a a good number of articles in Obst. Gynae, hence, a new journal for this specialty titled JCDR-OG can be started. May be a bimonthly or quarterly publication to begin with. Only selected articles should find a place in it.
An yearly reward for the best article authored can also incentivize the authors. Though the process of finding the best article will be not be very easy. I do not know how reviewing process can be improved. If an article is being reviewed by two reviewers, then opinion of one can be communicated to the other or the final opinion of the editor can be communicated to the reviewer if requested for. This will help one’s reviewing skills.
My best wishes to Dr. Hemant Jain and all the editorial staff of JCDR for their untiring efforts to bring out this journal. I strongly recommend medical fraternity to publish their valuable research work in this esteemed journal, JCDR".



Dr. Mamta Gupta
Consultant
(Ex HOD Obs &Gynae, Hindu Rao Hospital and associated NDMC Medical College, Delhi)
Aug 2018




Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey

"I wish to thank Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), for asking me to write up few words.
Writing is the representation of language in a textual medium i e; into the words and sentences on paper. Quality medical manuscript writing in particular, demands not only a high-quality research, but also requires accurate and concise communication of findings and conclusions, with adherence to particular journal guidelines. In medical field whether working in teaching, private, or in corporate institution, everyone wants to excel in his / her own field and get recognised by making manuscripts publication.


Authors are the souls of any journal, and deserve much respect. To publish a journal manuscripts are needed from authors. Authors have a great responsibility for producing facts of their work in terms of number and results truthfully and an individual honesty is expected from authors in this regards. Both ways its true "No authors-No manuscripts-No journals" and "No journals–No manuscripts–No authors". Reviewing a manuscript is also a very responsible and important task of any peer-reviewed journal and to be taken seriously. It needs knowledge on the subject, sincerity, honesty and determination. Although the process of reviewing a manuscript is a time consuming task butit is expected to give one's best remarks within the time frame of the journal.
Salient features of the JCDR: It is a biomedical, multidisciplinary (including all medical and dental specialities), e-journal, with wide scope and extensive author support. At the same time, a free text of manuscript is available in HTML and PDF format. There is fast growing authorship and readership with JCDR as this can be judged by the number of articles published in it i e; in Feb 2007 of its first issue, it contained 5 articles only, and now in its recent volume published in April 2011, it contained 67 manuscripts. This e-journal is fulfilling the commitments and objectives sincerely, (as stated by Editor-in-chief in his preface to first edition) i e; to encourage physicians through the internet, especially from the developing countries who witness a spectrum of disease and acquire a wealth of knowledge to publish their experiences to benefit the medical community in patients care. I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
Timely publication of journal: Publication of manuscripts and bringing out the issue in time is one of the positive aspects of JCDR and is possible with strong support team in terms of peer reviewers, proof reading, language check, computer operators, etc. This is one of the great reasons for authors to submit their work with JCDR. Another best part of JCDR is "Online first Publications" facilities available for the authors. This facility not only provides the prompt publications of the manuscripts but at the same time also early availability of the manuscripts for the readers.
Indexation and online availability: Indexation transforms the journal in some sense from its local ownership to the worldwide professional community and to the public.JCDR is indexed with Embase & EMbiology, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Chemical Abstracts Service, Journal seek Database, Indian Science Abstracts, to name few of them. Manuscriptspublished in JCDR are available on major search engines ie; google, yahoo, msn.
In the era of fast growing newer technologies, and in computer and internet friendly environment the manuscripts preparation, submission, review, revision, etc and all can be done and checked with a click from all corer of the world, at any time. Of course there is always a scope for improvement in every field and none is perfect. To progress, one needs to identify the areas of one's weakness and to strengthen them.
It is well said that "happy beginning is half done" and it fits perfectly with JCDR. It has grown considerably and I feel it has already grown up from its infancy to adolescence, achieving the status of standard online e-journal form Indian continent since its inception in Feb 2007. This had been made possible due to the efforts and the hard work put in it. The way the JCDR is improving with every new volume, with good quality original manuscripts, makes it a quality journal for readers. I must thank and congratulate Dr Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief JCDR and his team for their sincere efforts, dedication, and determination for making JCDR a fast growing journal.
Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR."



Thanking you
With sincere regards
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M.S., M. Ch., FAIS
Associate Professor,
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated
Kamla Nehru & Hamidia Hospitals Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 001 (India)
E-mail: drrajendrak1@rediffmail.com
On May 11,2011




Dr. Shankar P.R.

"On looking back through my Gmail archives after being requested by the journal to write a short editorial about my experiences of publishing with the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), I came across an e-mail from Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor, in March 2007, which introduced the new electronic journal. The main features of the journal which were outlined in the e-mail were extensive author support, cash rewards, the peer review process, and other salient features of the journal.
Over a span of over four years, we (I and my colleagues) have published around 25 articles in the journal. In this editorial, I plan to briefly discuss my experiences of publishing with JCDR and the strengths of the journal and to finally address the areas for improvement.
My experiences of publishing with JCDR: Overall, my experiences of publishing withJCDR have been positive. The best point about the journal is that it responds to queries from the author. This may seem to be simple and not too much to ask for, but unfortunately, many journals in the subcontinent and from many developing countries do not respond or they respond with a long delay to the queries from the authors 1. The reasons could be many, including lack of optimal secretarial and other support. Another problem with many journals is the slowness of the review process. Editorial processing and peer review can take anywhere between a year to two years with some journals. Also, some journals do not keep the contributors informed about the progress of the review process. Due to the long review process, the articles can lose their relevance and topicality. A major benefit with JCDR is the timeliness and promptness of its response. In Dr Jain's e-mail which was sent to me in 2007, before the introduction of the Pre-publishing system, he had stated that he had received my submission and that he would get back to me within seven days and he did!
Most of the manuscripts are published within 3 to 4 months of their submission if they are found to be suitable after the review process. JCDR is published bimonthly and the accepted articles were usually published in the next issue. Recently, due to the increased volume of the submissions, the review process has become slower and it ?? Section can take from 4 to 6 months for the articles to be reviewed. The journal has an extensive author support system and it has recently introduced a paid expedited review process. The journal also mentions the average time for processing the manuscript under different submission systems - regular submission and expedited review.
Strengths of the journal: The journal has an online first facility in which the accepted manuscripts may be published on the website before being included in a regular issue of the journal. This cuts down the time between their acceptance and the publication. The journal is indexed in many databases, though not in PubMed. The editorial board should now take steps to index the journal in PubMed. The journal has a system of notifying readers through e-mail when a new issue is released. Also, the articles are available in both the HTML and the PDF formats. I especially like the new and colorful page format of the journal. Also, the access statistics of the articles are available. The prepublication and the manuscript tracking system are also helpful for the authors.
Areas for improvement: In certain cases, I felt that the peer review process of the manuscripts was not up to international standards and that it should be strengthened. Also, the number of manuscripts in an issue is high and it may be difficult for readers to go through all of them. The journal can consider tightening of the peer review process and increasing the quality standards for the acceptance of the manuscripts. I faced occasional problems with the online manuscript submission (Pre-publishing) system, which have to be addressed.
Overall, the publishing process with JCDR has been smooth, quick and relatively hassle free and I can recommend other authors to consider the journal as an outlet for their work."



Dr. P. Ravi Shankar
KIST Medical College, P.O. Box 14142, Kathmandu, Nepal.
E-mail: ravi.dr.shankar@gmail.com
On April 2011
Anuradha

Dear team JCDR, I would like to thank you for the very professional and polite service provided by everyone at JCDR. While i have been in the field of writing and editing for sometime, this has been my first attempt in publishing a scientific paper.Thank you for hand-holding me through the process.


Dr. Anuradha
E-mail: anuradha2nittur@gmail.com
On Jan 2020

Important Notice

Dentistry
Year : 2011 | Month : November | Volume : 5 | Issue : 7 | Page : 1486 - 1488 Full Version

Role Of Teledentistry In Dental Education: Need Of The Era


Published: November 1, 2011 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2011/.1709
Nidhi Chhabra, Anuj Chhabra, RL Jain, Harsimrat Kaur, Samriti Bansal

1. M.D.S (Pedodontics), Senior lecturer 2. M.D.S (Prosthodontics), Reader 3. M.D.S (Pedodontics), Professor and Head 4. M.D.S (Pedodontics), Professor 5. M.D.S (Pedodontics), Reader

Correspondence Address :
Nidhi Chhabra
124-D, Block –B, Pocket – U And V, Shalimar Bagh,
Delhi -110088
Phone : 9811175226
Email : nidhimahajandr84@gmail.com

Abstract

Teledentistry, a relatively new field, can change the dynamics of the dental care delivery system. Most of the dentists are unaware about teledentistry, about its goals and advantages and how to get involved into it. This article illustrates as to how teledentistry can be an effective solution for dentists and their patients.

Teledentistry presents a possible solution to many longstanding problems in dentistry, but it also faces significant challenges. Its maturation will depend as much, on the efforts of the health authorities as on the collective efforts of the dental professionals.

Teledentistry can meet the dental care needs of the underserved in the rural areas of India and it can ensure the good oral health of the children in schools and child care centres. Teledentistry provides new opportunities for dental education by providing an easy access to primary care professionals for efficient consultation, thus helping in conducting effective postgraduate education and continuing dental education programmes.

Keywords

Teledentistry, Telecommunication, Telemedicine

Introduction
Dental care is being constantly transformed by the opportunities which are provided by technology and telecommunication (1). Teledentistry is a relatively new field that combines telecommunication technology and dental care. Due to the enormous growth of technological capabilities, teledentistry possesses the potential to fundamentally change the current practice and the face of the dental care (2).

The term “teledentistry” was used in 1997, when Cook defined it as “the practice of using video-conferencing technologies to diagnose and to provide advice about the treatment over a distance” (3).

‘Teledentistry’ allows a whole new way of providing specialist advice. Through the use of telecommunication and computer technologies, it is now possible to provide interactive access to specialist opinions that are not limited by the constraints of either space or time.

The referring dentist logs into a secure web-server and fills in the patient’s details, the specific reasons for the consultation, the chief complaints and the provisional diagnosis information and attaches the digital intra-oral images and the scanned digital dental radiographs. The specialist subsequently logs into the secure web server, reviews the case and suggests his diagnosis and treatment plan within a limited period.

TELEDENTISTRY AND ITS APPLICATION IN DENTAL EDUCATION
The role of teledentistry in education can be divided into two main categories: self-instruction and interactive video-conferencing.

The Web-based, self-instruction educational system
contains information that has been developed and stored before the user accesses the program (4). The advantage of this system is that the user can control the pace of the learning and can review the material multiple times as he or she wishes (5). Johnson and Schleyer (6), (7) studied the Web-based dental continuing education or the CE courses and evaluated them on the basis of a set of welldesignedguidelines by using the Design of Educational Software. Spallek and colleagues (8) conducted a survey of the participants in several Web based dental CE courses and found the that lack of face to face communication with their peers and instructors could result in dissatisfaction.

Interactive video-conferencing
may be conducted via POTS (plain old telephone service), satellite, ISDN, Internet or Intranet. Interactive video-conferencing includes both a live interactive video-conference with a proper camera set up where the patient’s information can be transmitted; and supportive information (such as the patient’s medical history, radiographs, etc) that can be sent before or at the same time (for example, via fax) as the videoconference. The advantage of this type of education system is that the user can receive an immediate feedback (5).

TELEDENTISTRY AND ITS USE IN RURAL AREAS
In rural areas, where there is a shortage of specialists, the lack of comprehensive and sophisticated health care is a problem. Teledentistry can increase the accessibility of the specialists to the rural and underserved communities for their dental needs, besides decreasing the time and the cost which are associated with the speciality consultations (9).

Changing the service delivery method may also positively affect the feasibility of a rural practice. Isolation from peers, specialists, and continuing education opportunities are the negative aspects of a rural practice. Providing dental care in a salaried arrangement allows one to meet the financial obligations while learning to build the efficiencies which are gained with experience in care delivery without incurring additional debt. It also allows one to sample the experience of living in a rural setting without committing to a permanent relocation.

TELEDENTISTRY AND ITS ROLE IN POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION AND DENTAL PRACTICE
Teledentistry can serve as a good tool for educating postgraduatestudents and for providing continuing updates for the practicing dentists.

In interactive video-conferencing, the patient information is evaluated first (with or without the patient’s presence), which allows for the interaction and feedback between the educator and the students. The patient cases can be reviewed thoroughly and at the students’ pace. The cases can be discussed at length after all the clinical data have been collected and transmitted, without the patient being present at the scheduled meeting. This enhances the students’ enthusiasm and provides new learning opportunities for the dental students and the practicing dentists.

THE ROLE OF TELEDENTISTRY IN SCHOOLS AND CHILD CARE CENTRES
It is the need of the hour to develop models for schools and child care centres in our country to utilize teledentistry to increase the access to dental care for the children. Schools and child care centres play a vital role in ensuring the optimum oral health of the children through:-

• Screening for dental problems before these become emergencies (10).

• Helping children in managing chronic illnesses. • Connecting children and their families to the needed health and social services. and• Providing urgent care.

Paediatric dentists at the University of Rochester use the photographs of toddlers to identify those with early childhood dental caries. A study of the program found that nearly 40 percent of 162 toddlers suffered from tooth decay. The early detection of such decay can prevent the child from painful and financial trauma, visits to the emergency treatment room, and ultimately, extractions of the teeth (11).

Teledentistry can serve as a tool to complement and expand the capacity of school and child care centres to meet the children’s dental care needs by using technology to connect to the health providers at another location.

SCOPE OF TELEDENTISTRY IN INDIA
India has opened up to telemedicine to address various issues which are being faced by the healthcare delivery system, like inadequate health infrastructure and clinical services, paucity of qualified doctors, the almost non-availability of specialist care, the late discovery of the ailment, the delay in the delivery of the treatment due to the greater time which is required for the transport of the patients to urban healthcare facilities and the provision of healthcare by inexperienced primary healthcare service providers (12). In 1999, the Department of Information Technology, the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (Government of India) launched a pilot project which was entitled, ‘Development of Telemedicine Technology’, with the objective of reinforcing the national healthcare delivery system (13). The key specifications of the project included (14).

• To identify the appropriate technological tools and services which are required to implement telemedicine technology at the three premier hospitals in the northern parts of India, namely, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) at Chandigarh and the Sanjay GandhiPost Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS) at Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh).

• To develop and carry out system integration to enable telemedicine technology and for establishing telemedicine services (teleconsultation and telediagnostic services for the specialties of radiology, cardiology and pathology and teleeducation) at three tertiary level hospitals.

• To train clinicians in the use of telemedicine technology.

In India, where a majority of population lives in rural areas and where healthcare facilities are insufficient, teledentistry can have a significant contribution in bridging the gap between the demand and the supply.

FUTURE PROSPECTIVES OF TELEDENTISTRY
The advances in telecommunication have rightly enabled the dental care to promise many exciting changes during the next few years (15). However, like any revolution, it will not be easy or painless. There are certain issues which require resolution for the success of teledentistry. These issues include inter-state licensure, jurisdiction and malpractice, as well as technological, security and ethical aspects (16).

Various measures that can be employed for the effective implementation of teledentistry are:

• The instructors of the teledentistry education courses need to be well versed with computer knowledge and they should have adequate teaching experience (7). • The practitioners who are engaged in teledentistry must have a license in each state in which they practice (17). • Dentists who are engaged in teledentistry must make every effort to ensure the security of their systems, as well as of any data that they may transmit. For example, data encryption, password protection and user access logs can help in deterring most of the people and in protecting patient confidentiality (16).

SUMMARY
Dentistry, in a synergistic combination with telecommunications technology and the Internet, has yielded a relatively new and exciting field that has endless potential. Teledentistry can be used as a valuable tool for providing dental care in rural areas, where there is a shortage of specialists and a lack of comprehensive and sophisticated health care. It can be a solution to the barriers of dental care like the lack and cost of transportation, time off from work and school and to save the patient’s money. Moreover, teledentistry provides new opportunities for dental education by providing the primary care professionals with an easy access to efficient consultation and by helping in conducting postgraduate education and continuing dental education programmes.

In spite of some issues which need to be resolved, the potential of teledentistry is tremendous, which needs to beexplored.

References

1.
Kuszler PC. Telemedicine and integrated health care delivery: compounding malpractice liability. Am J Law Med 1999; 25(4):297- 326.
2.
Kopycka –Kedzierawski DT, Billings RJ. Teledentistry in inner city child care centers. J Telemedicine and Telecare 2006; 12(4):176-82.
3.
Cook J. ISDN video conferencing in postgraduate dental education and orthodontic diagnosis. Learning Technology in Medical EducationConference 1997 (CTI Medicine). 1997:111-16.
4.
Johnson LA, Wohlgemuth B, Cameron CA, et al. Dental Interactive Simulations Corporation (DISC): simulations for education, continuing education and assessment. J Dent Educ 1998; 62:919-28.
5.
Chen JW, Hobdell MH. Teledentistry and its use in dental education. JADA March 2003;V 134: 342-46.
6.
Johnson L, Schleyer T. Development of standards for the design of educational software. Standards Committee for Dental Informatics. Quintessence Int 1999; 30:763-68.
7.
Schleyer TK. Computer – based oral health records on the world wide web. Quintessence Int 1999; 30: 451-56.
8.
Spallek H, Pilcher E, Lee JY, Schleyer T. Evaluation of the Web based dental CE course service. J Dent Educ 2002; 66:393-404
9.
Friction J, Chen H. Using teledentistry to improve access to dental care for the underserved. Dental Clinics of North America 2009; 53(3): 537-49.
10.
Berndt J, Leone P, King G. Using teledentistry to provide interceptive orthodontic services to disadvantaged children. AJODO 2008; 134(5):700-06.
11.
Digital Cameras and Internet Ease the Pain of Oral Disease, University of Rochester Medical Center, 20 July 2006, 29 June 2007 (http:// www.urmc.rochester.edu/pr/news/story.cfm?id=1183)
12.
Sood, Sanjay P. India telemedicine venture seeks to improve care, increase access. Telemedicine Today 2002;25-26.
13.
Sood SP, Khandpur RS. India national telemedicine project- An overview (Abstract), Telemedicine and Telecare international trade fair (Luxembourg), 2002.
14.
Development of telemedicine technology in India – Sanjeevni- An integrated telemedicine application. J Int Oral Health 2010, 2(3): 308- 11.
15.
Bimbuch JM. The Future of Teledentistry. J Cal Dent Assoc 2000; 28: 121-27.
16.
Golder DT, Brennan KA. Practicing dentistry in the age of telemedicine. JADA 2000; 131: 734-44.
17.
Young HJ, Waters RJ. Licensure barriers to the interstate use of telemedicine. Telemed Today 1996; 4(2): 10-11.

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JCDR/2011/1709

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